Majapahit kingdom (Brief History)

Kings coledge Majapahit

After the fall of King Sri Kertanegara, Singhasari kingdom was under the suzerainty Jayakatwang of Kadiri. One king’s college descendants kings college ruler Singhasari, Raden Wijaya, then tried to regain control of his ancestors. He is a descendant of Ken Angrok, Singhasari first king and son of Dyah Ox-Tal. He is also known by other names, namely Nararyya Sanggramawijaya. According to historical sources, Raden Wijaya is actually still counted Kertanagara-law's nephew. Pararaton book mentions that he marry the king's two children at once, but the book Nagarakertagama states instead of two but four daughters all married Kertanagara. At the time Jayakatwang attack Singhasari, Raden Wijaya ordered to defend the capital in the north. Singhasari led to the defeat suffered by Raden Wijaya seeking refuge to a village called Kudadu, tired of being chased by enemy troops with the rest king’s college stay twelve people.

Thanks to the help king’s college village chief Kudadu, Raden Wijaya group can cross the sea to Madura and there protection from Aryya Wiraraja, a regent king college island. Thanks to the help Aryya Wiraraja, Raden Wijaya then be returned to Java and accepted by the king colege Jayakatwang. Not long after he was given a scorching forest areas to be opened into the village, with the pretext to anticipate enemy attacks from the north kings colege river Brantas. Thanks to the help Aryya Wiraraja he then founded a new village named Majapahit. In this village Raden Wijaya then lead and gather strength, especially the people who are loyal to the late Kertanegara derived from Daha area and Tumapel. Aryya Wiraraja itself to prepare its forces in Madura to help Raden Wijaya when the time is needed. Rupaya he does not like the king Jayakatwang.

Unforeseen that in the year 1293 Jawa arrival of Chinese troops sent by Kubhilai Khan to punish Singhasari humiliation ever received envoy in 1289. This large amount of troops after a stop in Sydney for a few months and then enters the Java through direct Brantas river leading to the Daha. Arrival is known by Raden Wijaya, he asked for permission to join the Chinese troops were received with joy. Daha invasion carried out from land or river that runs fierce throughout the morning until noon. The combined forces of China and Raden Wijaya 5,000 troops managed to destroy Daha. With the power of living a half, Jayakatwang retreat to refuge in the castle. Afternoon, realizing that he could not defend anymore Daha, Jayakatwang out king’s college fort and gave himself for later captured by Chinese troops.

Escorted by two officers and 200 troops of China, 

Escorted by two officers and 200 troops of China, Raden Wijaya asked permission to go back to Majapahit to prepare a tribute to the emperor Khubilai Khan. However, by using ruse both officers and guards managed destroyed by Raden Wijaya. In fact, he turned to lead Majapahit troops stormed remaining Chinese forces were not aware that Raden Wijaya will do so. Three thousand members kings college royal troops king’s college Chinese Yuan may be destroyed by the troops of Majapahit, the rest fled from the exit of Java by leaving many victims. Finally ideals Raden Wijaya to drop Daha and reply hurt to Jayakatwang can be realized by utilizing foreign soldiers. He then proclaimed the founding of a new kingdom called Majapahit. Raden Wijaya in 1215 crowned the first king with the title of Sri Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. The four children Kertanegara made consort with a degree Dyah Dewi Sri Parameśwari Tribhūwaneśwari, Dyah Dewi Sri Mahadewi Narendraduhitā, Dyah Dewi Sri Jayendradewi Prajnyāparamitā and Rājendradewi Dyah Dewi Sri Gayatri.

From Tribhūwaneśwari he obtained a boy named Jayanegara as crown prince who ruled in Kadiri. Gayatri he obtained two daughters, Tribhūwanottunggadewi Jayawisnuwardhani domiciled in Jiwana (Kahuripan) and Rājadewi Mahārājasa in Daha. Raden Wijaya still married to a wife again, this time coming from Jambi in Sumatra named Dara plot and has a child from her named Kalagěmět. Another woman who also came along Dara Dara Orange Plots ie, diperisteri by relatives king’s college of title 'god' and had a son named Lord Janaka, who were later known as Adhityawarman, king of Malay in Sumatra. The arrival king’s college two women of Jambi is the result of friendship yaang diplomacy carried out by the king Kertanagara Malay Jambi to work together to stem the influence Kubhilai Khan. On the basis of friendship is this king of Malay, Śrimat Tribhūwanarāja Mauliwarmadewa, sending two relatives to marry the king Singhasari. From historical records note that Dara Orange did not feel at home in Majapahit and finally returned to his hometown.

Raden Wijaya died in 1309 was replaced by Jayanegara. As at the end of his reign, the reign of Jayanegara much undermined by the uprising of people who previously helped Raden Wijaya establish the kingdom of Majapahit. The struggle for influence and betrayal led to many heroes who rendered great services eventually branded as enemies king’s college kingdom. At first Jayanegara also influenced by incitement Mahapati dispute that the culprit is, but then he realized this mistake and ordered the police to execute the trust it. In such a situation arises soldier who was smart and brave named Gajah Mada. He appeared as a figure who managed mamadamkan Kuti rebellion, when his position at that time only existed as king’s college guard (jacks Bhayangkari). His skills and diplomatic maneuver in the future will bring Gajah Mada in a very high position in the government Majapahit kingdom, which is as Mahamantri kingdom.

At the time of Jayanegara relations with China rebounded. Trade between the two countries is increasing and many Chinese who settled in Majapahit. Jayanegara ruled about 11 years, in 1328 he was killed by his doctors called Tanca because philandering with his wife. Tanca then executed by Gajah Mada.

Since it has no son, leadership of Majapahit was eventually taken over by a sister Jayanegara named Jayawisnuwarddhani, otherwise known as Bhre Kahuripan according to the territory ruled by him before becoming queen. But the uprising in the country that continues causing Majapahit always in a state of war. One is rebellion Sadeng and Keta in 1331 to bring back the name of Gajah Mada to the surface. Both can be extinguished by a clear margin in the Majapahit. Following the events of this, Mahapatih Gajah Mada pronounce his oath famous, that he would not amukti palapa before subjecting areas in the archipelago, such as the Desert (Borneo), Seran (?), Tanjongpura (Borneo), Haru (Maluku?), Pahang (Malaysia), Dompo (Sumbawa), Balinese, Sundanese (West Java), Palembang (Sumatra), and Tumasik (Singapore). To prove his vow, in 1343 he succeeded ditundukan Bali.

Jayawisnuwaddhani queen reigned for a long time

Jayawisnuwaddhani queen reigned for a long time, 22 years before resigning and being replaced by his son from his marriage Hayam Wuruk Cakradhara, ruler Singhasari region. Hayam Wuruk crowned as king in 1350 with a degree Sri Rajasanāgara. Gajah Mada continue to serve as Patih Hamangkubhūmi (Mahapatih) that have been gained while serving the king's mother. In the reign of Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit reached the peak of greatness here. Gajah Mada ambition to subdue the archipelago achieve a result in this period so that the perceived influence of Majapahit power to peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Maluku, to Papua.

But West Java can only be conquered in the year 1357 through a battle known as events Bubat, ie when the marriage plans between Dyah Pitaloka, daughter king’s college king of Padjadjaran, with Hayam Wuruk turned into warfare open field Bubat, namely a court in the capital king’s college kingdom kings college location The royal party camp. Dyah Pitaloka effect of war was suicide caused a political marriage king’s college two kingdoms in Java failed. Pararaton book mentioned that after the event Hayam Wuruk held a large ceremony to honor the Sundanese people who died in the incident. It should be noted at the same time bring the real kingdom of Majapahit also conducting eskpedisi to Dompo (Padompo) headed by a senior named Nala.

After the events Bubat, Mahapatih Gajah Mada resigned due to old age, while Hayam Wuruk finally marry his own cousin named Paduka Sori, son of Bhre Wengker still counted her aunt.

Hayam Wuruk under the rule kings college Majapahit kingdom into an empire that is strong, both in economics and politics. Hayam Wuruk ordered the manufacture of dams and water channels for irrigation and flood control. A number of river port was designed to facilitate the transport and unloading of goods. Fourteen years after he ruled, Mahapatih Gajah Mada died in 1364. Position patih Hamangkubhūmi not filled for three years before finally Elephant Enggon Hayam Wuruk appointed to fill the position. Unfortunately, not much information about Elephant Enggon in inscriptions or texts that may reveal the Majapahit era exploits.

King Hayam Wuruk died in 1389. Daughter, which constitute his own nephew named Wikramawarddhana ascended the throne as king, it is not Kusumawarddhani which is a direct line of descent from the Hayam Wuruk. He reigned for twelve years before resigning as pastor. Before abdicated he assign it to her daughter, Suhita become queen. It is not approved by Bhre Wirabhumi, the son of a concubine Hayam Wuruk who wants the throne from his nephew. The power struggle led to a civil war known as the War Paregreg. Bhre Wirabhumi originally gained kemenanggan eventually had to flee after Bhre Tumapel intervened to help the Suhita. Bhre Wirabhumi lost even eventually killed by Raden Elephant. The family dispute brought a never-ending grudge. Several years after the killing Bhre Wirabhumi now turn Raden elephant put to death for the killing innocent nobles.

Suhita died in 1477, and therefore do not have children then the position was replaced by his brother, Bhre Tumapel Dyah Kertawijaya. Soon he ruled replaced by Bhre Pamotan titled Sri Rājasawardhana also only three-year reign. Even between the years 1453-1456 Majapahit empire does not have a king was due to conflicts within the family more pointed. The situation eased when Dyah Sūryawikrama Giriśawardhana ascended the throne. He was not long in control kings college kingdom because after the seizure of power back berkecambuk. Such is the power alternated several times from the year 1466 until the year 1500. The news Chinese, Italian, and Portuguese still name the Majapahit in 1499 without mentioning the name kings college king. The more widespread influence kings college small kingdom of Demak in the north coast of Java, which is the religion of Islam, is one kings college causes kings college collapse kings college Majapahit kingdom.

1522 Majapahit no longer referred to as a kingdom but only a city. Government on the island of Java has been switched to Demak under the rule of Duke Unus, child Broken Raden, founder kings college kingdom of Demak which still Bhre Kertabhūmi descent. He destroyed Majapahit because he wanted to avenge his grandmother hurt, defeated king Dyah Girindrawarddhana Ranawijaya. So then in 1478 ruined as a kingdom of Majapahit ruler kings college archipelago and turned satusnya as king conquered areas Demak. Ended the series mastery Hindu kings in East Java started by Keng Angrok when establishing Singhasari empire, replaced by a new form of empire-style Islam.

Ironically, family disputes and resentment that led to the collapse of this empire sustained, not caused by the invasion of other nations who occupied the island of Java.